Shine a light at any of the buildings on Ethan Crow’s central Iowa farm at night and you are likely to see several pairs of eyes staring back, he says, and piles of scat covering the floor—signs of what farmers are calling an out-of-control raccoon problem.

A couple who own a nearby farm counted more than 60 raccoons inside their cattle feeder one night a few years ago and more atop the rafters of their barn—like pigeons lined up on a telephone wire, Mr. Crow says. Another farmer discovered that a raccoon had been sleeping inside his combine when he started it up, killing the animal and causing thousands of dollars in damage, he says.

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